What process involves the use of soaps or detergents to reduce microbial presence?

The process that involves the use of soaps or detergents to reduce microbial presence is decontamination. This method specifically refers to the removal of contaminants, including microorganisms, to make an area or surface safe for use. Soaps and detergents are effective because they can physically remove dirt and debris while also breaking down oils and greases, which harbor microbes.

Decontamination is not intended to eliminate all microorganisms but rather to reduce their numbers to a level that is considered safe for general use. This contrasts with sterilization, which aims to eradicate all forms of microbial life, and disinfection, which seeks to kill or inactivate most pathogens but does not necessarily eliminate all microorganisms. Sanitization, while it also reduces microbial levels, specifically pertains to maintaining a level of cleanliness acceptable for public health rather than the act of removing contaminants like decontamination does.