What can result from chromosomal mutations in bacteria?

Chromosomal mutations in bacteria can lead to altered metabolic capabilities. These mutations can affect various aspects of the bacterial cell, such as enzyme production, transport proteins, and metabolic pathways. When the DNA sequence of a gene is changed due to a mutation, it can result in a nonfunctional protein or a protein with altered function, potentially enabling the bacterium to utilize different nutrients or produce different metabolites. This adaptability can have significant evolutionary advantages, allowing bacteria to thrive in various environments or develop resistance to antibiotics.

While improved nutrient absorption, increased cell size, and enhanced mobility may be influenced by other factors or mechanisms, they are not direct consequences of chromosomal mutations. The primary and most significant outcome directly tied to genomic changes in bacteria is indeed the alteration of metabolic capabilities, driving the organism's functional adaptations.